definición y migración

app/Models/Caracteristica.php

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+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+class Caracteristica extends Model
+{
+    /**
+     * Los productos que tienen la característica.
+     */
+    public function productos(): BelongsToMany
+    {
+        return $this->belongsToMany(Producto::class);
+    }
+}

database/migrations/2024_03_12_201127_create_caracteristicas_table.php

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+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    /**
+     * Run the migrations.
+     */
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::create('caracteristicas', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->id();
+            $table->string('name', 100);
+            $table->timestamps();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse the migrations.
+     */
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::dropIfExists('caracteristicas');
+    }
+};